Acid reflux is a digestive condition where a person experiences an uncomfortable (sometimes painful) burning sensation in the lower chest area, at the top of the stomach, sometimes lasting for several hours.

Acne is an extremely prevalent skin condition where lesions (pimples) are formed as a response to sebaceous glands getting clogged by oil, dead skin cells, or other particles.

Amino acids (AAs) are defined as organic compounds containing both amino and acid groups (1). Proteinogenic AAs are AAs that serve as substrates for protein synthesis in animal cells, and occur naturally as L-AAs except for glycine.

Antibiotics are antimicrobials that fight bacterial infections such as ear, sinus, and urinary tract infections by stopping the bacteria from multiplying or destroying them.

Anxiety may be defined as apprehension, tension, or uneasiness that stems from the anticipation of danger, which may be internal or external.

Ashwagandha is a plant that is found in Africa, India, and the Middle East. The root and berries of the plant are used to make a medicinal herb in traditional Ayurvedic medicine.

Flavonoids are a common group of plant polyphenols that give color and flavor to fruits and vegetables.

Biomarkers, short for biological markers, are biological measurements—they are measurable characteristics of the body.

Bloating is the increased buildup of gas in the intestines and the stomach. Bloating often causes discomfort and pain and the infamous “stuffed” feeling.

The Bristol Stool Chart is a clinical assessment tool with seven distinct categories that gives a way to classify the nature of stool based on its shape and consistency.

C. diff, also known as Clostridium difficile, is a bacterium that causes life-threatening symptoms ranging from diarrhea to colitis (i.e. inflammation of the colon). 

Constipation refers to having infrequent bowel movements (typically measured as less than 3 per week) that are usually hard to pass.

Depression (major depressive disorder or clinical depression) is a common but serious mood disorder. It causes severe symptoms that affect how you feel, think, and handle daily activities, such as sleeping, eating, or working.

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a common chronic skin condition that can lead to recurrent infections and poor quality of life if left untreated.

The epigenetic clock concept uses DNA methylation biomarkers to measure age, and helps back the theory that there is evident variation in the chronological rate of aging (years old) vs. an individual’s personalized biological aging process.

Fad diets promote a lifestyle that is not sustainable in the long-term, and may have adverse health effects if followed blindly without the proper nutritional knowledge.

Fermented foods go through a lacto-fermentation process where bacteria and yeast break down starch and sugars.

Gut bacteria are the bacteria that live in the gut (gastrointestinal tract). There are around 100 trillion “good” and “bad” bacteria living in the gut. Gut bacteria play an important role in the overall health of its host.

Hashimoto’s disease is an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, causing damage and disrupting the production of thyroid hormones.

The microbiome is a collection of approximately 40 trillion (yes, with a “T”) different organisms living in your gut (you also have microbiomes in other parts of your body, like your mouth and skin).

Mitochondria are the organelles that are responsible for energy production within most cells (some cells like red blood cells completely lack mitochondria).

The Paleolithic diet, commonly referred to as the Paleo diet or the “caveman diet,” is a fad diet that includes eggs, fish, fruits, meat, nuts, seeds, and vegetables, and excludes dairy, grains, legumes, oils, refined sugars, and salt.

Parasites are symbiotic organisms living in or on another organism that depend completely on their host for survival.

Probiotics are one or more strains of live, beneficial bacteria and/or yeasts that naturally exist and live in your body.

Rosacea is a chronic skin condition that causes the face to flush easily in reaction to certain triggers, causing redness accompanied with burning and itching sensations on the cheeks, nose, chin, ears and forehead.

A dietary supplement is a nutritional product that “supplements” your diet with added nutrients to make it more complete and beneficial. Supplements come in pills, capsules, tablets, powder or liquid forms.

Vitamins and minerals are essential substances that our bodies need to develop and function normally.